Introduction: Liver is the main organ in the metabolic process of carbohydrates. Alterations in carbohydrates metabolism and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common in cirrhotic patients. For instance, resistance to insulin is an important prognostic factor in liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of diabetes and its effective factors in cirrhosis patients, as compared to the normal group. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 100 patients with cirrhosis who were admitted to Aria, Bahman 2nd and Shahrivar 17th Hospitals. The subjects were selected through simple random sampling. Based on the criteria adopted for this study, the patients were qualified to enroll in the study. Checklists were completed for the patients. The presence of DM on the part of the subjects was diagnosed either by having a history of DM and the use of anti-diabetic drugs such as glybenclamid and insulin, or FBS ³ 126 mg/dL at two times. Data analysis was performed using Pearson Chi-square and Fisher exact test.Results: Out of all patients 37 were females and 63 were males (Mean age 63.57 years). Prevalence of DM and IFG in these patients were much more than normal population (P<0.05). There were significant statistically relationship between sex (F>M) and age>60 years in diabetes and cirrhosis patients in compare with normal group (P<0.05). Family history of DM and severity of cirrhosis were also associated with DM (P<0.05). Among complications of cirrhosis, prevalence of DM was more in patients with encephalopathy and ascites.Conclusion: In this study, our findings indicate that cirrhotic patients are at the increased risk of DM occurrence. Female sex, age>60 years, family history of DM, severity of liver disease and presence of encephalopathy and ascites were associated with DM occurrence in these patients. The Regular screening for DM can be useful for early diagnosis and treatment of these patients.

Background & Aim: Exercise training, as a practical strategy, plays an important role in increasing adropin, adiponillin, reducing insulin resistance and preventing complications of overweight. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of exercise training on adropin, adiponillin, and insulin resistance indices in overweight and obese adult women. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for English and Farsi articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sid and Magiran databases until June 2024. The mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test, and publication bias was evaluated through visual analysis of the funnel plot and Egger's test. Results: A total of 9 studies (10 interventions) and 208 overweight and obese adult female subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that exercise training had a non-significant effect on adropin [WMD=-0.387 (3.820 to -0.534) P=0.139], adipolin [WMD=3.320 (14.674 to -8.034) P=0.573], as well as a non-significant decrease in glucose [WMD=-7.222 (-2.153 to -12.291) P=0.005], insulin [WMD=-1.337 (0.503 to -3.178) P=0.154] and insulin resistance [WMD=0.254 (0.048 to -0.181) P=-0.067] compared to the control group of overweight and obese adult women. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis revealed that exercise training did not significantly improve adropin, adiponillin, and insulin resistance indices in overweight and obese adult women. Specifically, exercise training did not lead to a significant decrease in these indices compared to the control group.

The resistance to insulin-mediate glucose disposal is characteristic of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review article studies different aspects of this syndrome including risk factors, associated conditions such as yperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, decrease of HDL-cholesterol and truncal obesity and their management.

The aim of this study is to evaluate insulin secretion and resistance with oral glucose tolerance test in normal individuals In this study, 30 normal individuals were selected and oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Glucose and insulin were checked in 0,30,60 and 120 minute .For insulin secretion and resistance calculation, hemostasis assessment model was used. T.test and regretion methods were used for stutistical analysis. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. In this study, 30 persons were evaluated ( 15 men, 15 women) . The mean age of patients were 42±11 years. There was no significant differences between insulin and glucose concentration between men and women. Glucose 60 had significant direct correlation with insulin secretion (P=0.02) and indirect correlation with insulin resistance (P=0.001). Glucose 60 in oral glucose tolerance test is a simple method for predicting insulin resistance and secretion.